7. Towards a unified, integrative framework of variation

This final sub-project, running 2028-2029, aims to build a unified framework of variation in language acquisition and multilingualism. Recently, the language sciences have started to combine linguistic, neurobiological, and social perspectives to understand variation. However, these efforts have mainly focused on stable, adult monolingual systems. The complexities that arise from interacting languages at different levels of proficiency and cognitive entrenchment in multilingual individuals have yet to be fully explored in existing frameworks. This project will leverage the expertise in the six sub-projects in the programme through a stepwise methodology which includes understanding the complexity of the research questions, incorporating multiple perspectives, connecting abstract theories with case-specific knowledge, to ultimately generate new insights. We hope to significantly advance our fields by developing a framework that truly reflects the complexity of these phenomena.